Ear clearing techniques for divers

ears and diving, kids sea camp, clearing skills

You just can’t go diving with your ear blocked

Ear clearing and diving go hand in hand when you jump into the ocean. Here are a few ear-clearing techniques for divers that will help most divers equalize more easily.

In diving, the Valsalva maneuver is often used during descent to equalize the pressure in the middle ear with ambient pressure. Performed properly — pinching your nose shut while exhaling — most divers can descend without any problems. But for some divers, the technique doesn’t help.

You should never continue with descent if you are experiencing ear pain. But before you give up on a dive — or diving altogether — try a few of these ear-clearing techniques and suggestions.

  • Listen, you should hear a “click or pop.” Before you even board the boat, make sure that when you swallow, you hear a “click or pop” in both ears. This tells you that both Eustachian tubes are opening.
  • Start early. Several hours before the dive, begin gently equalizing your ears every few minutes. Some people can swallow or chew gum to clear their ears; this seems to help because it prompts them to swallow more often. I don’t recommend chewing gum while diving, as you may swallow it and choke.
  • Equalize at the surface. “Pre-pressurizing” at the surface helps most divers get past the critical first few feet of descent. It may also inflate your Eustachian tubes, making them slightly larger. Not all medical authorities recommend this, however. The lesson here is to pre-pressurize only if it seems to help you and to pressurize gently.
  • Descend feet first. Studies have shown a Valsalva maneuver requires 50 percent more force when you’re in a head-down position than head-up.
  • Look up. Extending your neck and wiggling your jaw tends to open your Eustachian tubes.
  • Use a descent line. Pulling yourself down on an anchor or mooring line helps control your descent rate more precisely. A line also helps you stop your descent quickly if you feel the pressure. Don’t rush just because others are faster. If you know you have trouble, let your buddy and/or the divemaster know so that someone is waiting with you. If on a recreational dive boat, the divemaster could give you a little more time by getting in first.
  • Stay ahead. Equalize often, trying to maintain a slight positive pressure in your middle ears. Don’t wait until you feel pressure or pain.
  • Stop if it hurts. Your Eustachian tubes are probably locked shut by the pressure differential. Ascend a few feet and try equalizing again.
  • Avoid milk. Some foods, including milk, can increase your mucus production.
  • Avoid tobacco and alcohol. Both tobacco smoke and alcohol irritate your mucus membranes, promoting more mucus that can block your Eustachian tubes.
  • Keep your mask clear. Water up your nose can irritate your mucous membranes, which then produce more of the stuff that clogs.

If you get congested during the dive and have trouble ascending, stop and try to clear, then ascend slowly. Use the anchor line if you need more control. Don’t dive with a cold or congestion.

Alternative Clearing Techniques

There are problems with the traditional Valsalva maneuver: It may not work if the tubes are already locked by a pressure differential, and it’s all too easy to blow hard enough to damage something. Divers who experience difficulty equalizing may find it helpful to master some alternative techniques.

  • Toynbee Maneuver. With your nostrils pinched or blocked against your mask skirt, swallow. Swallowing opens your Eustachian tubes, while the movement of your tongue, with your nose closed, compresses air against them.
  • Lowry Technique. A combination of Valsalva and Toynbee: while closing your nostrils, blow and swallow at the same time.
  • Edmonds Technique. While tensing the soft palate and throat muscles and pushing the jaw forward and down, do a Valsalva maneuver.
  • Frenzel Maneuver. Close your nostrils, and close the back of your throat as if straining to lift a weight. Then make the sound of the letter “K.” This forces the back of your tongue upwards, compressing air against the openings of your Eustachian tubes.
  • Voluntary Tubal Opening. Tense the muscles of the soft palate and the throat while pushing the jaw forward and down as if starting to yawn. These muscles pull the Eustachian tubes open. This requires a lot of practice, but some divers can learn to control those muscles and hold their tubes open for continuous equalization.

Scholarship winner Learns to say “Yes” to life

Scuba scholarship winner faces her fear and becomes a new diver

Trying not to hold my breath when breathing through the regulator. While watching the bubbles rise past my mask…, and hearing the startlingly loud percolation of the regulator as it supplies me with air. Watching my own hand, magnified, as it grips the descent chain too tightly. I press the deflation button on my BCD in quick bursts and will my hand to let go of the chain.

This was no swimming pool, where I could stand up or shoot quickly to the surface if something went wrong. It was the White Star Quarry in Gibsonburg, Ohio. I knew that I’d have to descend to at least 45 feet that day if I wanted to become a certified scuba diver.

Learning in a quarry

As I sank slowly into the quarry water, going deeper than swimming-pool depths for the first time in my life, I took some time to look around myself. I wanted to remember this moment. Seeing other divers above and below me, hanging onto my descent chain and other chains around me. All of us were first-time divers, and all of us were nervous. Every now and then, I made eye contact with other divers. Wondering if my eyes looked as wide behind my mask as theirs did.

My buddy diver was Kari, one of our instructors—I’d told her about my boating accident and the resulting water phobia before we got in, so she buddied with me on purpose. She made frequent eye contact with me and gave me reassuring “OK” signs. Every time, I signed back “OK,” and it wasn’t a lie…I really was doing OK, much to my surprise.

Equalize, Go Slow

Remembering everything I had to do as a diver kept me busy and focused, which helped to keep my fear at bay as I went deeper and deeper into the water. Equalize. Go slowly. Equalize. Short burst on the BCD. Equalize. Signal OK. Equalize. (I had some trouble with the equalizing part.)

I was surprised when I landed gently on the platform, 25 feet down. I could see the bottom of the quarry, another 10 feet below. It didn’t feel like I was that far underwater. It didn’t feel real at all. It felt like I was watching a scene in a movie. Or perhaps dreaming it. Divers floating all around me at my platform, other divers further away on other platforms, visibility fading into blue-green twilight in the distance. Our instructors hovered like bulky neoprene angels, hands folded in front of them, nodding at us as if in benediction, making eye contact and signaling OK to each of us in turn. The surface of the water shimmered like heat waves, far away, above me. A dream, surely.

As I took another moment to look around, trying to register and remember everything, I also looked inside myself. Was I really OK? Astonishingly, I wasn’t afraid! Not even a little. I was too busy, too focused, too excited, too exhilarated by this experience to have any time or energy to waste on fear.  And fear was the one thing I had expected with concrete surety.

An accident happened that reshaped my relationship with water

I grew up boating and swimming—a real water baby. Motorboating, sailing, canoeing, swim team, skiing, river tubing…you couldn’t keep me out of the water as a child and teen. And then, in my 16th summer, an accident happened that reshaped my relationship to water.

I was river canoeing with a group of friends on the appropriately named Mad River. Fast and dangerous, that river has a bad reputation. The canoe I was in swept broadside against a large mid-river logjam and flipped. My friend was thrown clear, but I reflexively, foolishly, hung on to the yoke, which meant that I went with the direction of the flip. I was immediately trapped underwater, between the upside-down canoe and the logjam.

The river was moving fast

The water was black with silt, completely opaque. The current held me firmly in place, with the canoe smashed against my chest and my back against the logs. All of me was underwater, including my head, which was turned forcibly sideways and pressed backward by the hull of the canoe. I couldn’t see. I couldn’t move. I couldn’t breathe. I could reach across, with outstretched arms, and brush my fingertips against the far gunwale, but I couldn’t push the canoe away from me. I could get my hands up next to my shoulders, but then didn’t have enough strength or leverage to push the near gunwale into the current. I was well and truly trapped.

What a shame for me to die like this

I remember very little about what happened next. However, I do remember thinking very clearly that I was going to die that day. It should have been terrifying, but I wasn’t afraid in that moment—just sad and a little disappointed. As I struggled to push the boat away, and as my lungs started to feel like they were on fire, a single, shining thought went through my mind like a thread of bright silver light in a dark room: “What a shame, for me to die like this… I’m only 16 years old.”

It is the truth, by all the laws of nature and physics, that I should have died that day. No one was coming to my rescue—my friend in the boat had been thrown clear when the boat flipped and didn’t know where I was. There was nothing I could do to push the boat away in the few seconds of oxygen my body had left in it. I wasn’t even wearing a life jacket, because we were typical teenagers with no sense of our own mortality.

I was conscious when I came up

But it is also the truth that my head broke the surface of the water 30 feet downstream, and that I was conscious when I came up. had to have been conscious the entire time because if I’d lost consciousness, I’d have drifted and drowned, not surfaced. I don’t know how long I was under, but my friend had enough time to swim to the logjam and clamber onto it. She was looking for me, shouting, panicking.

I have absolutely no recollection of what happened between the moment of that single, shining, sad thought and the moment when I surfaced. But that experience turned me from a joyous, carefree water-baby into someone who couldn’t get into water any deeper than her knees unless that water was crystal clear. I was calm in swimming pools, but being deeper than my knees in any lake, river, or ocean with the least silt was completely out of the question.

No lung damage, thank god!

So, for me to descend 25 feet into a quarry. The water got gradually more silty with depth, which was quite an accomplishment indeed. And for me to do that without any fear at all…to be enjoying myself…it truly was astonishing. The only things I had any reservations about were going past the 30-foot CESA. We had practiced in the pool (horizontally, of course), and a lurking, unfounded worry that my BCD would spontaneously inflate. And I’d pop to the surface too quickly and sustain lung damage.

We went through our skills exercises with no problems. I felt increasingly confident. Then the fun started. We went on a tour of the quarry. I kicked away from the platform, experimenting with my BCD, trying to control my depth. Breathing through the regulator had already become second-nature. Following Riley (our other instructor) as he swam away into the murk. I was concentrating on keeping up with him, occasionally clearing my mask, and not floundering around with my arms. As we went, I checked my SPG and realized that we had gradually descended another 20 feet—I was forty-five feet underwater, well past the CESA we had practiced, and I wasn’t afraid!

Back in the water

When we surfaced (without any lung damage, of course), all I wanted was to go again. And I did, three more times over the next 24 hours. More skills exercises, more tours of the quarry, swimming through hoops (literally—the quarry is set up with lots of interesting things for divers to see and do). And every time I got back in the water, I felt more like I belonged there again. Me as a dolphin…a mermaid! It was delightful…amazing!… to be so at ease in the water!

When Kari and Riley signed my dive log, indicating that I was a certified diver. I felt a sense of pride and accomplishment that I hope I remember for the rest of my life. Not only because of having learned how to dive (which is, of course, cool in the extreme), but also because of what this event represents in my life.

Learning to live

I’ve spent the past four years learning to say “yes” to life again. As a child and teen, the world around me was tremendously, unknowingly huge, filled with limitless opportunities for fun, growth, and excitement. I grew up, went to college, built a career, then quit it to raise my children. Somewhere along the way, my world became very small—bounded by vague fear and negativity, with a constant underlying attitude of “I can’t do that.” I don’t know how it happened… it was a gradual shrinking of my confidence and the boundaries of what I thought I could do. A gradual settling for a smaller, sadder life.

And then, four years ago, I started taking karate lessons with my children. I joined the lessons because I had gotten tired of just sitting and watching whatever fun thing I’d arranged for my children. I remember watching the teens at karate, doing katas, jump-kicks, and other cool, amazing things. I’d thought, “Wow, I’ll never be able to do that.” Imagine my surprise…after four years of joyous hard work and study, I’m now a second-degree brown belt. And I have a firm resolve to attain my black belt. Another way to say, Yes to life.”

And I’ve learned that I can do that, whatever “that” is.

I started saying “Yes…YES!” when life offered other opportunities for fun, happiness, and adventure. Becoming a ski instructor at our local resort after one of the instructors there saw me teaching some of the kids on the slopes… and I said YES! A friend suggested that I apply for a scuba scholarship from Margo Peyton with the Women Diver Hall Of Fame. I said, “Become a certified scuba diver? Hmm, well, I have this water phobia…but YES, I can do that!” I submitted my story, and Ocean Wishes and Kids Sea Camp sent me the training grant.

Life-changing events

Kids Sea Camp reopened my eyes to the wide wonder of the world around me. They’ve deepened my appreciation for the time I have. How I want to spend it. And the things I want to do. I’ve learned that anything is possible…that I can do anything, if only I keep myself open to the world and all the wonderful, exciting opportunities it presents. If only I were willing to take the chance and find out what I can really do, instead of focusing on what I can’t.

This adventure—the adventure of me conquering my water phobia. And getting my scuba certification. Well, it’s just another chapter in the delightful, ongoing book of my new approach…saying YES to life. And I can hardly wait to see what’s next!

Pamela Jean Kreigh, Winner of a Women’s Divers Hall of Fame Ocean Pals scholarship. This scholarship is sponsored by Kids Sea Camp, Oceanwishes.org, and Margo Peyton. Ocean Wishes has donated multiple beginner- and advanced-training grants to the WDHOF scholarship program each year since 2009.

Congrats to the Graduating Class of 2009!

New divers, kids and diving, fun with diving

The new Kids Sea Camp divers of 2009.

We just wanted to say congratulations to our KSC PADI Jr. Open Water graduates of 2009. Welcome to our underwater world. We cannot wait to have you come back and dive with us again at Kids Sea Camp!

  • Aidan Gottlieb
  • Alexander Grace
  • Amanda Stratton
  • Andre Simmons
  • Andrew Christian
  • Anna Jacobson
  • Annelise Luyckx
  • Brianna Miller
  • Bridget Gottlieb
  • Cameron Carney
  • Campbell Robinson
  • Carina Wolk
  • Christian Ifi
  • Connor Enright
  • Dorothy Bakkenson-Collins
  • Elizabeth Condon
  • Emma Milteer
  • Ethan Caban
  • Hailey Spreeman
  • Hannah Broom
  • Jack Enright
  • Jack Olson
  • James Phipps
  • Jason Tong
  • Jazmin Rodriguez
  • John Cunniff
  • Jonah Parham
  • Josh Carnett
  • Juliana Triano
  • Katherine Mumm
  • Lazar Zamurovic
  • Lena Teckenbrock
  • Matt Parker
  • Miranda Wolk
  • Morgan Tappero
  • Natalie Nicoletti
  • Rachel Grasso
  • Riley Milteer
  • Samuel “Ty” Matheny
  • Sarah Hilborn
  • Sarah Jacobson
  • Sarina Shah
  • Savannah Stanley
  • Shelby Brown
  • Shivan Shah
  • Soniya Shah
  • Steven Schwartz
  • Tom Olson
  • Taylor Pigg
  • Xander Kraus-Mclean
  • Zachariah Kraus-Mclean
  • Zachary Sittler

Kids Sea Camp and Family Dive Adventure have certified over 7,600 divers over the past 20 years of business. Meet the KSC staff who help make us the number one dive operator for families and kids. Kids Sea Camp instructors are PADI Pros, active, and up to date in skills, training, and rescue. Our team is regularly evaluated by parents, students, and other PADI Pros.

Our team leads by example as we practice professionalism on every level. Kids Sea Camp staffers honor the PADI code of conduct, show compassion, prioritize safety, and are family-focused and attentive to detail. It is what our KSC dive team and tour guides represent.